菲律宾签发的法院文件可以办理Apostille认证吗？ 答：可以。法院出具的判决书（Decision）、宣誓声明（Affidavit）、或认证副本（Certified Copy of Judgment）等，只要盖有法院印章与书记官签名，即可送往菲律宾DFA进行Apostille认证。这类文件常用于跨国离婚、监护权、财产继承等法律事务。
菲律宾离婚是否合法？ 菲律宾是全球少数几个不承认离婚的国家之一（仅适用于菲律宾公民）。然而，若一方是外国人且已在国外合法离婚，菲律宾法院可承认该离婚结果（Recognition of Foreign Divorce）。此外，菲律宾允许婚姻无效判决（Annulment）或宣告婚姻无效（Declaration of Nullity），其效果与离婚相似。
菲律宾的公共秩序罪（Public Disorder）包括哪些行为？ 根据《刑法》第153至157条，扰乱公共秩序的行为包括暴动（Riot）、非法集会（Illegal Assembly）、煽动（Inciting to Sedition）等。参与暴动可判监禁6个月至6年；若行为导致财产损毁或人员受伤，刑期加倍。警方有权制止非法集会并拘捕煽动者。
菲律宾是否承认外国法院的民事判决？ 菲律宾《民事程序规则》第39条规定，外国法院判决可在菲律宾执行，但需向当地法院申请“承认与执行程序”（Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgment）。法院将审查原判决的公正性及当事人是否获得正当程序。若涉及欺诈、违宪或公共政策问题，可能被拒绝执行。
菲律宾如何保护租客免受不当驱逐？ 根据《住宅租赁法》（Rent Control Act），房东不得在无合法理由下强制驱逐租客，包括断电、换锁或威胁行为。合法驱逐仅限于拖欠租金、损坏财产、转租未获许可或房东自用等情况。驱逐须经法院批准（Ejectment Case）。若房东非法驱逐，租客可要求赔偿损失并恢复租赁权。
菲律宾的企业破产程序如何启动？ 企业若无法偿还债务，可根据《金融重整与破产法》（FRIA）申请法院破产保护（Rehabilitation or Liquidation）。重整程序旨在让公司继续运营并分期偿还债务；若资不抵债，则进入清算阶段。法院将任命管理人（Rehabilitation Receiver）监督资产处置。此程序可暂缓所有诉讼及债权执行。
菲律宾的公共秩序罪（Public Disorder）包括哪些行为？ 根据《刑法》第153至157条，扰乱公共秩序的行为包括暴动（Riot）、非法集会（Illegal Assembly）、煽动（Inciting to Sedition）等。参与暴动可判监禁6个月至6年；若行为导致财产损毁或人员受伤，刑期加倍。警方有权制止非法集会并拘捕煽动者。
菲律宾是否承认外国法院的民事判决？ 菲律宾《民事程序规则》第39条规定，外国法院判决可在菲律宾执行，但需向当地法院申请“承认与执行程序”（Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgment）。法院将审查原判决的公正性及当事人是否获得正当程序。若涉及欺诈、违宪或公共政策问题，可能被拒绝执行。
根据菲律宾《律师职业法》（Legal Practice Law），只有菲律宾公民且通过律师资格考试者，才能以律师身份执业。外国人不得单独或合伙设立律师事务所。但外国律师可在获得司法部特别许可（Special Temporary Permit）后，以顾问身份提供其本国法律的专业意见，尤其在跨国投资、仲裁及外商并购案件中较常见。
Can SRRV holders sponsor visitors or relatives to come to the Philippines?
SRRV holders cannot directly sponsor tourist visas for friends or relatives, but they can provide invitation letters or accommodation guarantees that may support a visitor’s visa application. Immediate family members who wish to stay longer can apply as dependents under the retiree’s SRRV.
Can the SRRV be upgraded or converted to another type of visa later? Yes. SRRV holders may convert to other resident or immigrant visas (such as permanent residency through marriage or investment) if eligible. The PRA facilitates this transition process, ensuring compliance with Bureau of Immigration rules.
Are SRRV holders exempt from travel taxes? Yes. One of the major benefits of SRRV is exemption from travel tax, which applies to regular departing passengers. By presenting their SRRV ID at the airport, retirees do not need to pay the PHP 1,620 travel tax when leaving the Philippines.
Can the SRRV deposit earn interest? Yes. The SRRV deposit is placed in a time deposit account under the retiree’s name and can earn modest annual interest, depending on the bank’s policy. While the deposit is generally locked, the interest may sometimes be withdrawn depending on PRA and bank rules.
What is the “SRRV Human Touch” program? The Human Touch program is designed for retirees aged 50 and above who require ongoing medical treatment. It requires a lower deposit of USD 10,000, along with proof of monthly pension and a medical certificate confirming the retiree’s condition.
Can I include my adopted foreign child as an SRRV dependent? Yes, provided the adoption is legally recognized in both the Philippines and the child’s country of origin. The child must be under 21, unmarried, and financially dependent. Proper legal adoption papers must be authenticated or apostilled for submission.
Is it possible to transfer my SRRV membership from one category to another? Yes. Members may request to upgrade or downgrade their SRRV category (for example, from Smile to Classic) if their circumstances change. This involves PRA approval and adjustment of the deposit requirement to match the new program.
Can SRRV holders buy life insurance or invest in retirement plans locally? Yes. Many Philippine and international insurers welcome SRRV members as clients. Retirees can purchase life insurance, pension products, or investment-linked plans, offering both security and financial growth while residing in the Philippines.
Are there limits to how long dependents can stay in the Philippines under SRRV? No. As long as the principal retiree maintains an active SRRV, dependents may stay indefinitely. Their stay is tied to the principal’s status, and they enjoy the same entry and exit privileges without needing visa renewals.
How does the SRRV support retirees during emergencies or disasters? The PRA provides emergency assistance and coordination for SRRV members during natural disasters, health crises, or travel restrictions. The agency helps retirees access government aid, travel permits, and medical support when needed.
